Isomers of Benzene
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This is a game to practice all Organic Chemistry reactions. This specific example is only for the reactions that are covered in the 1st semester of the 2-semester Organic sequence. Basically, there are 3 piles of cards face-down on the table: Reactants, Reagents, and Products. The student draw a card each from 2 piles (either Reactant - Reagent, Reactant - Product, or Reagent - Product). The student then looks at the two cards drawn and has to provide the missing element (if the reaction is possible, of course). I haven't shown all cards, otherwise the file would have become too big to
Why is 1,4-cyclohexadiene stabilized? Using qualitative perturbation theory to teach conjugation
Six-carbon polyenes display quite regular properties, when one compares their stabilities using hydrogenation enthalpies. Each double bond in a conjugated system is worth about 10 kJ/mol in resonance energy, and non-conjugated dienes show no resonance energy. Cyclohexadienes are puzzling: 1,3-cyclohexadiene is less stable, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene is more stable, than corresponding open-chain dienes. Qualitative molecular orbital perturbation theory can be used to explain these anomalies.